Global Journal of Digital Business, Marketing, and Social Development is committed to maintaining the integrity and reliability of the scholarly articles it publishes. If errors, ethical violations, or serious concerns are identified after publication, the journal may issue a correction, clarification, an expression of concern, or a retraction, depending on the severity of the case. COPE’s retraction guidance states that journals should handle retractions transparently and should make retraction notices visible and informative.

A correction is issued when an error is found in a published article but the error does not affect the overall validity of the findings. Examples include errors in author names, affiliations, minor numerical details, tables, figures, or administrative information. The correction will be published openly and linked to the original article.

An erratum is issued when the error originates from the journal, such as an error in editing, layout, metadata, or article production. The erratum will clearly explain the error and the correction made.

A corrigendum is issued when the error originates with the author, such as minor data errors, inaccurate statements, or information that requires correction without invalidating the entire article.

Retraction is applied when serious errors or ethical violations are found that affect the validity, originality, or integrity of the article.

An article may be retracted for the following reasons:

Plagiarism
Data fabrication or falsification
Duplicate publication
Serious errors affecting the validity of findings
Violation of research ethics
Undisclosed conflicts of interest
Copyright infringement
Manipulation of the peer review process
Unauthorized use of data
Misleading scientific claims or information

Allegations of ethical violations may be reported by readers, reviewers, editors, authors, or other parties. The editor will review the report, collect relevant evidence, request clarification from the author, and involve relevant parties when necessary.

Decisions regarding correction or retraction are made based on objective and documented assessment. If an article is retracted, the journal will not remove the article silently. The article will remain available with a clear Retracted Article label and a retraction notice explaining the reason for retraction.

This policy is implemented to maintain the trust of readers, authors, reviewers, and the academic community in the integrity of scholarly publication.